In 1923 Turkey became a republic, and the following year the Caliphate was also abolished and Abdulmecid too was exiled. His cousin Abdulmecid II was then given the title of caliph. In 1922, Turkish nationalists abolished the sultanate and Mehmed went into exile. In 1920 the last sultan, Mehmed VI, signed the Treaty of Sevres, which took away Turkey's territories outside Asia Minor. The Ottomans sided with Germany and the other Central Powers in the First World War, and as a result the empire fell apart. The empire began to decline in the 16th century, partly because of the weakness of its sultans, but it remained a world power until the early 20th century. In its heyday, the Ottoman Empire included not only Asia Minor, where modern Turkey is located, but also much of southeastern Europe and the Middle East, Egypt, and part of North Africa.
The Ottoman or Osmanli Turks were named after the founder of the royal dynasty, Osman I (Uthman in Arabic), whose descendants reigned for more than 600 years.
The Ottoman Empire arose from a Turkish principality founded in Anatolia (Asia Minor) at the end of the 13th century, when the empire of the Seljuk Turks had collapsed and the Byzantine Empire was crumbling.
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